CBSE Guidelines
for Project Work in Business Studies for Classes XII w.e.f. the academic
session 2012-13
Project TWO:
PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT.
The students are required to visit any one of the following:
1) A departmental store.
2) An Industrial unit.
3) A fast food outlet.
4) Any other organisation approved by the teacher.
They are required to observe the application of the general
Principles of management advocated by Fayol.
Fayol’s principles
1. Division of work.
2. Unity of command.
3. Unity of direction.
4. Scalar chain
5. Espirit de corpse
6. Fair remuneration to all.
7. Order.
8. Equity.
9. Discipline
10. Subordination of individual interest to general interest.
11. Initiative.
12. Centralisation and decentralisation.
13. Stability of tenure.
OR
They
may enquire into the application of scientific management techniques by
F.W.Taylor in the unit visited. Scientific techniques of management.
1.
Functional foremanship.
2. Standardisation and simplification of
work.
3. Method study.
4. Motion Study.
5. Time Study.
6. Fatigue Study
7. Differential piece rate plan.
Tips to teacher
i.
The teacher may organize this visit.
ii. The teacher should facilitate the
students to identify any unit of their choice and guide them to identify the principles that
are being followed.
iii. Similarly they should guide the
students to identify the techniques of scientific management implemented in the
organisation.
iv. It may be done as a group
activity.
v. The observations could be on the basis
of
·
The different stages of
division of work resulting to specialisation.
·
Following instructions and accountability of
subordinates to higher authorities.
·
Visibility of order and equity
in the unit.
·
Balance of authority and
responsibility.
·
Communication levels and pattern in the
organisation.
·
Methods and techniques followed
by the organisation for unity of direction and coordination amongst all.
·
Methods of wage payments followed.
·
The arrangements of fatigue study.
·
Derivation of time study.
·
Derivation and advantages of
method study.
·
Organisational chart of
functional foremanship.
·
Any other identified in the organisation
vi. It is advised that students should be
motivated to pick up different areas of visit. As presentations of different
areas in the class would help in better understanding to the other students.
vii. The students may be encouraged to
develop worksheets. Teachers should help students to prepare observation tools to be used for
undertaking the project. Examples; worksheets, questionnaire, interviews and
organisational chart etc.
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