Introduction Today the rapid increase in population anddemand of food materials has initiated the large use of insecticides and pesticides. These toxic chemical insecticides and pesticides are resulting in harmful effects and biomagnifications due to which our environment is continuously polluting and fertile lands are acquiring infertility. No doubt they are providing hopeful results ineradication of insects, pests and diseases but they are also killing useful organism present in soil due to which the fertility of the soil is rapidly declining. The conventional farming practices which uses chemical methods to kill both useful and harmful life forms indiscriminately, resulting in the malfunctioning of food chain and food web. Bio-control is the best method to cope with the losses done by the chemicals. In these method insects, pests and pathogens are removed using biological methods without harming the environment and other organism. This is based on natural predation rather than introduced chemicals. The use of bio-insecticides and pesticides also comes under this category. Today due to awareness about the harmful effects of thechemical insecticides and pesticides, most of the farmers are diverting towards the organic farming. In our local area many such plants, waste matter etc. are availablefrom which these bio-insecticides and pesticides can be prepared by using natural means only. Conventional pesticides are generally synthetic materialsthat directly kill or inactivate the pest. Being single chemical entity, chemical pesticides have resulted in increased resistance in pests. Bio pesticides also known as Biological Pesticides are pesticides derived from natural materials as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. Bio pesticides are less toxic and also reduce the pollution problems caused by conventional pesticides. The use of bio-insecticides and bio-pesticides also fall under this category only. Organic agriculture is a unique productionmanagement system which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, includingbiodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity, and this is accomplishedby using on-farm agronomic, biological and mechanical methods in exclusion of allsynthetic off-farm inputs. Organic farming generally produces somewhat lower yieldsbut sustains better yields during drought years, allowing it to reap higher yields in some cases. Studies thus far have shown that organic farming requires less water, uses few and always natural pesticides, prevents soil erosion, leaches dramatically fewer nitrates, and has been shown to have improved nutrient qualities including as much as double the flavonoids, an important antioxidant. This project is mainly based on the preparation, usage, effects and advantages of bio-insecticides and bio-pesticides.Different types of bio-insecticides and bio-pesticide 1.i. Cow Urine 2.ii. Fermented curd water 3.iii. Dashparni Extract 4.iv. Neem -cow urine extract 5.v. Mixed leaves extract 6.vi. Chili �Cgarlic extract 7.vii. Broad spectrum formulation 18.viii. Broad spectrum formulation 2 Cow Urine ExtractIn India, as farming goes hand in hand with cattle rearing, therefore the cow urineis available easily in the rural areas. It has acquired an important place in the hindu religion since ancient times. Any religious ceremony and rituals can��t be performed without cow urine which is commonly known asgomutra. We will here use the cow urine for the control of pests and as a growth promoter for the growing crops. Preparation and application: - Collect 5 liter of pure and concentrated cow urine and dilute it with 40 liters of water and spray it using the sprayer in onehectare of field at the evening time. Effects and advantages:-1.Due to high content of urea in it which is toxic to most of the organisms, the pests and insects etc. will not attack the leaves and buds of the crop plants. 2.Due to pungent and bad smell of the extract most of the pests and insects which are attracted due to nectar and fragrance get repelled, preventing the plant.Fermented Curd WaterIn many states of rural India milk production is the main occupation associated with the farming also known as dairy management. The dairy products canalso prove a major alternative in controlling the insects and pests in farmlands. One of the dairy product known as butter milk orChaachcan be used for this purpose. It is made by the centrifugation of curd in which byproduct ghee (fats) is also obtained. There is much greater demand of butter milk in the summer season and it gets distasteful if it is kept for more than two days. This distasteful butter milk can be used to makethe extract. Preparation and application: -Take the distasteful butter milk and add equal amount of water in it. Keep it for twodays in a semi-shaded place. Now take it and add 40 liter of water in 10 liter of the extract to form 50 liter of the solution. Spray this solution in 1 hectare of field in such a way that all plants get bath in the fogging spray in the early morning time. Dashparni extract Materials required: �C Neem leaves 5 kg, vitex negundo leaves 2 kg, Aristolochia leaves 2 kg, papaya (carica papaya) 2 kg, Tinospora cordifolia leaves 2 kg, Annona squamosa (Custard apple) leaves 2 kg, Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) leaves 2 kg, Ricinus communis (Castor) leaves 2 kg, Nerium indicum 2 kg, Calotropis procera leaves 2 kg, Green chili paste 2 kg, Garlic paste 250 gm, Cow dung 3 kg and Cow Urine 5 lit. Method of Preparation:-Crush all of the above material and mix it in 200 liters of water to ferment for one month. Shake this mixture regularly three times a day. Filter it after one month. This extract can be stored up to 6 months. Application:-Take this extract in fogging machine and apply it on the plants. The above prepared extract is sufficient for one acre crop. Effects and advantages:-1.The extract prepared is very useful for the control of wide variety of pests such as Thrips, Leaf folder, Leafhopper etc.2.It contains neem which has ovi-position deterrent effect, cow dung & cow urine which has bio-fertilizer role also helps in enhancing useful microbial activity in soil.3.It can be prepared easily and can be stored for a large time interval for further use.Neem-cow urine extract. Materials required:-5 kg of neem leaves, 5 liter of cow urine, 2 kg of cow dung, 100 liter of waterMethod of preparation:-Crush the above substances and ferment for 24 hours with intermittent stirring, filter and squeeze the extract and dilute to 100 liters of water.Application:-Use this extract to fill in the spray machine and spray it over one acre of the crop. Effects and Advantages:- 1.Neem is a broad spectrum pesticide and even compatible with most chemical pesticides. Neem works by intervening atseveral stages of the life of an insect. It may not kill the pests instantaneously butincapacitate it in several other ways. 2.Neem acts in various ways like as anti-feedant, as repellent, as growth inhibitor and also has ovi-position deterrent effect. 3.Cow urine has high content of urea in it which is toxic to most of the organisms, the pests and insects etc.Mixed leaves extract. Materials required:-3 kg of neem leaves, 10 liters of cow-urine, custard apple leaves 2 kg, 2 kg papaya leaves, 2 kg pomegranate leaves, 2 kg guava leaves. Method of Preparation:-Crush all of the above recommended material and add 5 liters of water in it. Boil the above mixture 5 times after some intervals of time till the mixture becomes half of the initial. Keep it for 24 hours, filterand squeeze the extract. This can be stored in bottles for 6 months. Application:-Dilute the above prepared extract 2-2.5 liters in 50 liters of water. Fill the diluted solution in fogging machine and spray it in one acre area. Effects and Advantages:- 1.Guava leaves has achieved a special place in ayurveda due to its medical use for curation of some diseases. 2.Pomegranate leaves have resistive nature against many insects and pests due to presence of some special compounds in it.Chili-garlic ex